本文节选自阿米德・乔杜(Amit Chaudhuri)的小说《一个奇怪而庄严的地址》(A Strange and Sublime Address)，以生活在孟买的小孩子桑迪普的视角，讲述了桑迪普两次从孟买回到加尔各答度假时对周围世界的观察与内心的感受。十岁的桑迪普和妈妈，uncle，aunt去印度走亲戚，亲戚一家翘首以盼，见面各种客套，即使只送yogurt和sweets，却表现得像收了钻石一样。见面的传统和新式礼仪在小男孩桑迪普看来都是把简单的事情弄复杂的疯狂举动，不理解大人的世界。本次考试节选的场景通过描述两代人之间在言行举止上的差异, 展现了在孩子眼中对于传统的理解。

原文

Young Tchartkoff was an artist of talent, which promised great things: his work gave evidence of observation, thought, and a strong inclination to approach nearer to nature.

 

"Look here, my friend," his professor said to him more than once, "you have talent; it will be a shame if you waste it: but you are impatient; you have but to be attracted by anything, to fall in love with it, you become engrossed with it, and all else goes for nothing, and you won't even look at it. See to it that you do not become a fashionable artist. At present your colouring begins to assert itself too loudly; and your drawing is at times quite weak; you are already striving after the fashionable style, because it strikes the eye at once. Have a care! Society already begins to have its attraction for you: I have seen you with a shiny hat, a foppish neckerchief. . . . It is seductive to paint fashionable little pictures and portraits for money; but talent is ruined, not developed, by that means. Be patient; think out every piece of work, discard your foppishness; let others amass money, your own will not fail you.”

 

The professor was partly right. Our artist sometimes wanted to enjoy himself, to play the fop, in short, to give vent to his youthful impulses in some way or other; but he could control himself withal. At times he would forget everything, when he had once taken his brush in his hand, and could not tear himself from it except as from a delightful dream. His taste perceptibly developed. He did not as yet understand all the depths of Raphael, but he was attracted by Guido's broad and rapid handling, he paused before Titian's portraits; he delighted in the Flemish masters. The dark veil enshrouding the ancient pictures had not yet wholly passed away from before them; but he already saw something in them, though in private he did not agree with the professor that the secrets of the old masters are irremediably lost to us. It seemed to him that the nineteenth century had improved upon them considerably, that the delineation of nature was clearer, more vivid, and closer. It sometimes vexed him when he saw how a strange artist, French or German, sometimes not even a painter by profession, but only a skilful dauber, produced, by the celerity of his brush and the vividness of his colouring, a universal commotion, and amassed in a twinkling a funded capital. This did not occur to him when fully occupied with his own work, for then he forgot food and drink and the entire world. But when dire want arrived, when he had no money wherewith to buy brushes and colours, when his implacable landlord came ten times a day to demand the rent for his rooms, then did the luck of the wealthy artists recur to his hungry imagination; then did the thought which so often traverses Russian minds, to give up altogether, and go downhill, utterly to the bad, traverse his. And now he was almost in this frame of mind.

 

"Yes, it is all very well, to be patient, be patient!" he exclaimed, with vexation; "but there is an end to patience at last. Be patient! But what money have I to buy a dinner with to-morrow? No one will lend me any. If I did bring myself to sell all my pictures and sketches, they would not give me twenty kopeks for the whole of them. They are useful; I feel that not one of them has been undertaken in vain; I have learned something from each one. Yes, but of what use is it? Studies, sketches, all will be studies, trial-sketches to the end. And who will buy, not even knowing me by name? Who wants drawings from the antique, or the life class, or my unfinished love of a Psyche, or the interior of my room, or the portrait of Nikita, though it is better, to tell the truth, than the portraits by any of the fashionable artists? Why do I worry, and toil like a learner over the alphabet, when I might shine as brightly as the rest, and have money, too, like them?"  

1. The passage is primarily focused on the ___

B. struggles of a young artist conflicted about his values.

 

2. The first paragraph serves mainly to establish the ___

C. main character's defining artistic traits.

 

3. The passage suggests that Tchartkoff’s professor believes that great art should be ___

A. technically accomplished and not garish.

 

4. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

B. lines 14-18 ("At present . . . once")

 

5. As used in line 13, line 17, and line 22, the word “fashionable” most nearly means ___

B. trendy.

 

6. According to the passage, one point of disagreement between Tchartkoff and his professor concerns whether  ___

C. nineteenth-century painters had been able to expand on the insights of the old masters.

 

7. As used in line 61, “want” most nearly means ___

A. need.

 

8. The passage suggests that to some extent,Tchartkoff finds maintaining his high artistic standards to be a ___

D. laborious undertaking that does not provide suitable compensation.

 

9. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? 

D. lines 91-94 (“Why . . . them”)

 

10. The last paragraph primarily serves to ___

C. catalog Tchartkoff’s frustrations with hissituation.

 

本篇社科节选自Nicholas Epley的Mindwise: How We Understand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want. 主要探讨个人是否能较为准确地判断自己在他人眼中的形象, 即自我认知与他人认知的对等性。 研究者通过调查发现，一方面个人能较准确地判断群体对自己的总体印象，但另一方面却很难明确具体某个人对自己的判断。原文还插入了柱状图来表示个人对自己的看法和别人对自己的看法，自己猜测别人对自己的看法的准确性对比。

原文

The phenomenon of false memories is common to everybody — the party you’re certain you attended in high school, say, when you were actually home with the flu, but so many people have told you about it over the years that it’s made its way into your own memory cache. False memories can sometimes be a mere curiosity, but other times they have real implications. Innocent people have gone to jail when well-intentioned eyewitnesses testify to events that actually unfolded an entirely different way.

 

What’s long been a puzzle to memory scientists is whether some people may be more susceptible to false memories than others — and, by extension, whether some people with exceptionally good memories may be immune to them. A new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences answers both questions with a decisive no. False memories afflict everyone — even people with the best memories of all.

 

To conduct the study, a team led by psychologist Lawrence Patihis of the University of California, Irvine, recruited a sample group of people all of approximately the same age and divided them into two subgroups: those with ordinary memory and those with what is known as highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM). You’ve met people like that before, and they can be downright eerie. They’re the ones who can tell you the exact date on which particular events happened — whether in their own lives or in the news — as well as all manner of minute additional details surrounding the event that most people would forget the second they happened.

 

Word recall was also hazy. The scientists showed participants word lists, then removed the lists and tested the subjects on words that had and hadn’t been included. The lists all contained so-called lures — words that would make subjects think of other, related ones. The words pillow, duvet and nap, for example, might lead to a false memory of seeing the word sleep. All of the participants in both groups fell for the lures, with at least eight such errors per person—though some tallied as many as 20. Both groups also performed unreliably when shown photographs and fed lures intended to make them think they’d seen details in the pictures they hadn’t. Here too, the HSAM subjects cooked up as many fake images as the ordinary folks.

 

“What I love about the study is how it communicates something that memory-distortion researchers have suspected for some time, that perhaps no one is immune to memory distortion,” said Patihis.

 

What the study doesn’t do, Patihis admits, is explain why HSAM people exist at all. Their prodigious recall is a matter of scientific fact, and one of the goals of the new work was to see if an innate resistance to manufactured memories might be one of the reasons. But on that score, the researchers came up empty.

 

“It rules something out,” Patihis said. “[HSAM individuals] probably reconstruct memories in the same way that ordinary people do. So now we have to think about how else we could explain it.” He and others will continue to look for that secret sauce that elevates superior recall over the ordinary kind. But for now, memory still appears to be fragile, malleable and prone to errors — for all of us.

11. As used in line 8, “curiosity” most nearly means ___

C. oddity.

 

12. Which statement about false memories can reasonably be inferred from the passage?

D. They can have consequences that are genuinely damaging.

 

13. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

C. lines 10-13 ("|nnocent . . . way”)

 

14. As used in line 35, “exact” most nearly means ___

A. precise.

 

15. According to the passage, one characteristic of the word lists used in the study was that each list ___

C. included words related to a central theme or topic.

 

16. Which statement about the study led by Patihis can reasonably be inferred from the passage?

B. Its main finding was not a surprise to certain scientists.

 

17. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

 A. lines 60-64 ("What . . . Patihis”)

 

18. What claim about the participants’ recall of included words is supported by figure 1?

B. The mean proportion of indications of recognition of included words was over 0.7 in the HSAM group and between 0.6 and 0.7 in the ordinary memory group.

 

19. Figure 1 and figure 2 together support which conclusion about the study subjects with ordinary memory?

C. They recalled a greater proportion of critical lures than included words, on average.

 

20. Figure 2 and the passage both support which assertion about people with HSAM?

D. They are about as susceptible to memory distortion as are people with ordinary memory.

 

 

 

本篇科学类文章主要探讨叫做Ceres的白矮星作为唯一位于小行星带的矮行星(dwarf planet)，其大小、密度、光谱的特殊性引起科学家对其地位和分类的质疑。文章将Ceres与太阳系其他星体进行比较，推测其在太阳系形成早期可能经历了轨道变化，最终到达小行星带。总体难度适中，文中有专业的天文学词汇，导致了有些童鞋理解起来比较困难。

21. The main purpose of the passage is to ___

B. describe an experiment whose results support a particular conclusion.

  

22. The first paragraph of the passage introduces the subsequent discussion mainly by ___

C. using an analogy to show how communication among plants might occur.

 

23. The passage suggests that in designing the experiment, Johnson relied on the fact that ___

C. broad bean plants release noxious chemicals to ward off infestation.

 

24. Based on the passage, what research question was the experiment mainly attempting to answer?

C. Do broad bean plants use fungal hyphae to help convey information?

 

25. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. lines 17-21 ("He did . . . messengers”)

 

26. The third and fourth paragraphs (lines 22-41) primarily serve to ___

D. explain the experiment’s conditions.

 

27. As used in line 61, "control" most nearly means ___

C. comparative element.

 

28. Based on the passage, which factor is most likely responsible for aphids’ attraction to some of the uninfested plants in the experiment?

A. The plants were unable to receive distress signals from infested plants through hyphal contact.

 

29. Which choice best describes the nature of the relationship between the broad bean plants and fungi discussed in the passage?

A. Mutually beneficial, since both organisms profit from the arrangement

 

30. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

D. lines 88-93 (“Such . . . hosts")

 

 

 

31. In Passage 1, Douglass characterizes Banks’s labor policy in Louisiana as ___

B. contrary to the purpose of the government's abolition of slavery.

 

32. As used in line 14, “practically” most nearly means ___

A. effectively.

 

33. B. citing a universal characteristic that makes it unlikely that the sequence of events suggested in the counterargument would actually occur.

 

34. As used in line 58, “disposition” most nearly means ___

D. attitude.

 

35. B. slavery was not based on race and thus former slaves could achieve equality with slaveholders, while in the United States race—based slavery leads some people to view former slaves as inferior.

 

36. Which choice provides the best evidence that Dana believes that the conditions of Southern black men must be improved quickly to avoid negative long-term consequences?

D. lines 102-107 (‘'It has . . . population")

 

37. As used in line 76, “fired” most nearly means ___

D.roused.

 

38. Both Douglass and Dana make the point that the abolition of slavery in the United States ___

B. insufficient to ensure true freedom and equality for black men.

 

39. Dana differ in their views of the effect of the Civil War in that Douglass believes that the war has ___

A. created a political climate in which the extension of black men's rights seems more feasible, while Dana believes that such an extension faces opposition from those who blame black men for the South's defeat.

 

40. Based on Passage 1, Douglass would most likely respond to Dana’s comments in lines 91-94, Passage 2, by stating that ___

B. the conditions that Dana points out that black men experience constitute a form of slavery.

 

41. Which choice from Passage 1 provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

D. lines 30-36 (“Without . . . right”)

 

 

 

42. The main purpose of the passage is to ___

B. draw attention to research that expands our knowledge of the behavior of a bird species.

 

43. It can reasonably be inferred that the second prediction tested by Williams and her colleagues reflects which assumption?

C. Observed correlations between certain behaviors in one species translate to other species.

 

44. The author uses the word “displacements” in line 36 most likely to suggest that one bird ___

D. jostles the other aside to access the food supply.

 

45. Information in the passage indicates that the purpose of the quotation marks around the word “predator” in line 56 is to ___

B. indicate that the predator was actually a simulation.

 

46. It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that it would be atypical for an individual red-headed finch to ___

B. approach novel objects without hesitation one week but entirely avoid them the next.

 

47. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

C. lines 78-82 ("These . . .time”)

 

48. Based on the passage, which choice reflects behaviors UNLIKELY to be exhibited by an individual finch?

A. Returning quickly to feeding after a predator display and failing to approach a novel object

 

49. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

C. lines 98-103 ("Interestingly...syndrome")

 

50. The author indicates that a possible reason for black-headed finches’ risk-taking behavior is that ___

D. they struggle to obtain food at the safer locations favored by red-headed finches.

 

51. According to figure 1, which of the following is closest to the mean number of aggressive interactions initiated in pairs of red-headed finches in a 30-minute period?

D. 2

 

52. The information in figure 2 indicates that, on average, a black-headed finch approached a feeder in approximately how many seconds after a “predator” presentation?

A. 200

 

 

本文主要写了BB通过对钟表的研究，进而研究天体运动，将时间精确。通过自身的学习钻研，最终帮助美国选定了capital。他本人也得到广大人民群众尊重和纪念

题目

1.代词考点：选their，指代名词clocks。

2. 粘连句考点。逗号前后是完整句子，原句错误。

3.主旨题。选该段主旨。这一段讲的是bb认识了对他帮助很大的朋友。选的是表达该意思；他建立了坚固的友谊这一项。

4.合并句子题。可以根据简洁性的原则，把后面句子变为从句，由whose引导。

5.简洁性考点。选择能够成为简单句的一项即可。

6.动词考点。这里考到了倒装句。主语是一个人，要选单数过去时态。

7.副词考点。particularly后面直接加名词。

8.句子排序题。句子中有his cousin，只要找到对应的人，放到对应句后就可以。

9.过渡词考点。选today。今天bb是怎样被人纪念的。

10.精准用词。怀念，追念，commemorate。

11.增删句子。句子是说人们可以在纪念地附近玩什么，与主旨无关，不加。

 

 

 

文章概述 本文讲述了新型能源如何有效利用。讲述了风力能源的优缺点以及解决办法caes。讲述了风力的潜力和前景。

题目

1.增删句子。加该句。因为它说明了清洁能源都有什么。

2.精准用词。选择peak of，而不是peek for。

3. 简洁性。选能够构成简单句的一项。

4.句子顺序题。说的是通过挤压空气，获得能量，从而发电，放到段末。

5. 冒号。冒号后面解释说明了用新能源的两个地方。

6. 粘连错误。选，and一项。

7.增删句子。加，说明了新能源的广泛应用。

8.不用标点。主谓之间不用任何标点。

9.动词主谓一致和时态考点。

10.精准用词，收集利用能源。capitalize。

11.结论。总结清洁能源有效利用之后前景。

 

 

米开朗基罗改建cathedral要做一个David的雕像，但是大理石材料被损坏、制作难度很大。不过他还是在两年之内完成了这座兼具美观外形和内在人文意义的纪念雕塑。改建很成功，文章现实了米开朗琪罗的伟大。

 

 

有两个优秀的全职employer工作繁重、生活难以平衡。于是现有人提出sharing employee的想法，使得员工能够充分发挥灵活工作的优势，并且不必长时间从事一项单一劳动。

　　本文选自2014年地New York Times，文章浅显易懂，歌颂地是当下的“分享经济”，鼓励更多的pharmaceuticalcompanies分享临床试验数据，互通有无，分享相关地试验数据，提高研发新药的速度，减少药物的副作用，为社会做出更多的贡献。

　　这篇文章的evidence部分主要运用的是medical evidence 和典型案例分析(case study)，并且用业内的leader做role model，增强persuasiveness；Reasoning的部分来说，主要的是contrast和cause-effect analysis，此外还有pre-emptivecounterargument； emotional appeals主要集中在文章的最后，用sense of duty/responsibility/ Samaritan spirit（好人精神）来uplift social morale.

 

 

1. LAST week, Johnson & Johnson announced that it was making all of its clinical trial data available to scientists around the world. It has hired my group, Yale University Open Data Access Project, or YODA, to fully oversee the release of the data. Everything in the company’s clinical research vaults, including unpublished raw data, will be available for independent review.

 

作者用Johnson & Johnson最近的announcement用以introduce the article. 很显然，这个决定非常的突然而且让人感觉惊讶和heart-warming。

 

2. This is an extraordinary donation to society, and a reversal of the industry’s traditional tendency to treat data as an asset that would lose value if exposed to public scrutiny.

 

作者发表了对J& J决定的看法，作者用了extraordinary donation 这样的word choice来积极评价这个决定，这个决定无疑是对社会做出了巨大贡献。

 

3. Today, more than half of the clinical trials in the United States, including many sponsored by academic and governmental institutions, are not published within two years of their completion. Often they are never published at all. The unreported results, not surprisingly, are often those in which a drug failed to perform better than a placebo. As result, evidence-based medicine is, at best, based on only some of the evidence. One of the most troubling implications is that full information on a drug’s effects may never be discovered or released.

 

作者告诉了我们这个决定的社会背景，即半数以上的美国医药公司视临床试验数据为行业机密；同时，作者告诉我们，这种现象给社会带来的危害: the most troubling implications that full information on a drug’s effects may never be discovered or released. 相比之下，J & J 公司的决定就显得很伟大。

 

4. Even when studies are published, the actual data are usually not made available. End-users of research — patients, doctors and policy makers — are implicitly told by a single group of researchers to “take our word for it.” They are often forced to accept the report without the prospect of other independent scientists’ reproducing the findings — a violation of a central tenet of the scientific method.

 

作者继续发表对普遍的行业做法，这里作者运用了逻辑分析，说的是这样的做法给medical practitioner带来的困扰。

 

5. To Belfair, the decision to share data is not easy. Companies worry that their competitors will benefit, that lawyers will take advantage, that incompetent scientists will misconstrue the data and come to mistaken conclusions. Researchers feel ownership of the data and may be reluctant to have others use it. So Johnson & Johnson, as well as companies like GlaxoSmithKline and Medtronic that have made more cautious moves toward transparency, deserve much credit. The more we share data, however, the more we find that many of these problems fail to materialize.

 

作者继续表扬J&J的决定，说公司的决定不容易，同时作者在分析为何公司不愿意分享这些数据的原因，主要原因是competition和legal entanglement，作者反驳说，其实更多的公司，包括GSK和 Medtronic，加入公开临床数据的分享，这些担心的原因就越不会发生。

 

6. In 2011, YODA struck a deal with Medtronic to release all the data on one of its products — a device that stimulates the production of bone. At the time, questions had been raised about the device’s safety, including whether it caused cancer, and about the conflicts of interests of some of the company’s researchers. Medtronic made the unusual decision to respond to the debate by releasing the device’s data for independent review. We commissioned and then published two independent reviews of the data, and now have made them globally available.

 

为了buttress claim，作者举了个例子（a case in point），2011年YODA 与 Medtronic的合作，这一段主要围绕前段中提到的“为何公司担心分享临床试验数据”展开。

 

7. Interestingly, the reviews produced somewhat conflicting results. One found that the device was no better than a bone graft and might be associated with a slight increase in cancer, while the other found that the device was effective and the cancer risk inconclusive. To us these differences reinforce the value of open science: now the data are out there for further study.

 

作者继续在对这个案例进行详细分析；合作过程中发生的一些conflicting results等正好呼应了作者一开始担心的the most troubling implication，同时验证了分享临床数据的好处。

 

8. This program doesn’t mean that just anyone can gain access to the data without disclosing how they intend to use it. We require those who want the data to submit a proposal and identify their research team, funding and any conflicts of interest. They have to complete a short course on responsible conduct and sign an agreement that restricts them to their proposed research question. Most important, they must agree to share whatever they find. And we exclude applicants who seek data for commercial or legal purposes. Our intent is not to be tough gatekeepers, but to ensure that the data are used in a transparent way and contribute to overall scientific knowledge.

 

这里一段可以说是pre-empt了读者的potential concern，即分享临床数据并不代表这些数据可以被滥用，这样说的目的是打消target audience的顾虑，这样更多的医药公司能够加入分享临床数据的潮流中来。 这里大量地呼吁audience，再次重申了project地社会贡献。

 

9. There are many benefits to this kind of sharing. It honors the contributions of the subjects and scientists who participated in the research. It is proof that an organization, whether it is part of industry or academia, wants to play a roleas a good global citizen. It demonstrates that the organization has nothing to hide. And it enables scientists to use the data to learn new ways to help patients. Such an approach can even teach a company like Johnson & Johnson something it didn’t know about its own products.

 

这一段作者饱醮感情地歌颂了分享精神，希望更多地医药企业能够加入分享队伍，主要是通过appeals to their duty。

 

10. For the good of society, this is a breakthrough thatshould be replicated throughout the research world.

 

最后一段， 作者呼吁更多企业能够加入分享地队伍，为社会做出贡献。

看完5月SAT回顾，

同学们感觉怎么样？

没有考好也不要气馁哦！